Diferencia entre revisiones de «DHCP»
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| − | == DHCP == | + | ==Servidor DHCP== |
| − | |||
| − | + | ===Borrador=== | |
| − | + | ===Objetivos=== | |
| − | + | Objetivos: | |
| + | * instalar un servidor DHCP para asignar direcciones IP dinámicamente a una red. | ||
| + | * verificar el funcionamiento. | ||
| − | + | ===Software=== | |
| − | + | Instalar el paquete dhcp3-server, con Synaptic, aptitude o apt-get install. | |
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| + | ===Conceptos, comandos, archivos=== | ||
| + | Configuración. | ||
| + | * Directorio de configuración: /etc/dhcpd/ | ||
| + | * Archivo principal de configuración: /etc/dhcpd/dhcpd.conf | ||
| − | + | Arrancar, ver estado, detener el servidor DHCP: | |
| − | + | sudo service dhcp3-server start | status | stop | |
| − | |||
| − | + | ===Procedimiento=== | |
| − | + | Ejemplo de una configuración simple: | |
| − | + | * Red: 192.168.3.0/24. | |
| − | + | * Servidor DHCP: 192.168.3.13. | |
| − | + | * Cliente: máquina con dhcp3-client instalado, verificar con <br><code>dpkg -s dhcp3-client</code>. | |
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| − | + | Una configuración elemental suficiente para muchas situaciones puede obtenerse agregando algunas líneas en /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf de la máquina que actuará como servidor DHCP: | |
| − | + | #/etc/dhcpd/dhcpd.conf | |
| − | + | ... | |
| + | # have support for DDNS.) | ||
| + | ddns-update-style none; | ||
| + | |||
| + | # option definitions common to all supported networks... | ||
| + | option domain-name "salatres.nsk.com.uy"; | ||
| + | option domain-name-servers localhost, ns3.salatres.nsk.com.uy ; | ||
| + | |||
| + | default-lease-time 600; | ||
| + | max-lease-time 7200; | ||
| + | |||
| + | # If this DHCP server is the official DHCP server for the local | ||
| + | # network, the authoritative directive should be uncommented. | ||
| + | authoritative; | ||
| + | |||
| + | # Use this to send dhcp log messages to a different log file (you also | ||
| + | # have to hack syslog.conf to complete the redirection). | ||
| + | log-facility local7; | ||
| + | |||
| + | # No service will be given on this subnet, but declaring it helps the | ||
| + | # DHCP server to understand the network topology. | ||
| + | subnet 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | |||
| + | # This is a very basic subnet declaration. | ||
| + | subnet 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { | ||
| + | range 192.168.3.150 192.168.3.200; | ||
| + | option routers 192.168.3.13; | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | ... | ||
| − | + | Arrancar el servicio DHCP: | |
| + | sudo service dhcp3-server start | ||
| + | No debe dar errores. El archivo de log es /var/log/syslog. | ||
| − | == Verificación == | + | ===Verificación=== |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | + | ADVERTENCIA: la configuración tradicional choca con la configuración moderna a través de NetworkManager; si NetworkManager está corriendo se debe deshabilitar: en la barra de menú, clic derecho en ícono de red, desmarcar "Activar red". | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | Crear una entrada para la interfaz eth0 en /etc/network/interfaces, declarando DHCP como modo de obtener una IP. Opcional: allow-hotplug hace que la interfaz levante en el momento en que se conecte un cable. | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | # /etc/network/interfaces | |
| − | + | ... | |
| − | + | allow-hotplug eth0 | |
| − | + | iface eth0 inet dhcp | |
| − | * | + | ... |
| − | * | + | |
| + | Levantar la interfaz eth0 configurada, comando ifup: | ||
| + | victor@mya-arenaria:~$ sudo ifup eth0 | ||
| + | Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client V3.1.3 | ||
| + | Copyright 2004-2009 Internet Systems Consortium. | ||
| + | All rights reserved. | ||
| + | For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/ | ||
| + | |||
| + | Listening on LPF/eth0/6c:62:6d:2e:16:53 | ||
| + | Sending on LPF/eth0/6c:62:6d:2e:16:53 | ||
| + | Sending on Socket/fallback | ||
| + | DHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 4 | ||
| + | DHCPOFFER of 192.168.3.150 from 192.168.3.13 | ||
| + | DHCPREQUEST of 192.168.3.150 on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 | ||
| + | DHCPACK of 192.168.3.150 from 192.168.3.13 | ||
| + | bound to 192.168.3.150 -- renewal in 283 seconds. | ||
| + | ssh stop/waiting | ||
| + | ssh start/running, process 2711 | ||
| + | victor@mya-arenaria:~$ | ||
| + | |||
| + | Verificar conectividad al servidor DHCP: | ||
| + | victor@mya-arenaria:~$ ping -c3 192.168.3.13 | ||
| + | PING 192.168.3.13 (192.168.3.13) 56(84) bytes of data. | ||
| + | 64 bytes from 192.168.3.13: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.363 ms | ||
| + | 64 bytes from 192.168.3.13: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.304 ms | ||
| + | 64 bytes from 192.168.3.13: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.268 ms | ||
| + | --- 192.168.3.13 ping statistics --- | ||
| + | 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1998ms | ||
| + | rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.268/0.311/0.363/0.044 ms | ||
| + | |||
| + | Bajar la interfaz eth0 configurada, comando ifdown: | ||
| + | victor@mya-arenaria:~$ sudo ifdown eth0 | ||
| + | There is already a pid file /var/run/dhclient.eth0.pid with pid 2675 | ||
| + | killed old client process, removed PID file | ||
| + | Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client V3.1.3 | ||
| + | Copyright 2004-2009 Internet Systems Consortium. | ||
| + | All rights reserved. | ||
| + | For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/ | ||
| + | Listening on LPF/eth0/6c:62:6d:2e:16:53 | ||
| + | Sending on LPF/eth0/6c:62:6d:2e:16:53 | ||
| + | Sending on Socket/fallback | ||
| + | DHCPRELEASE on eth0 to 192.168.3.13 port 67 | ||
| + | victor@mya-arenaria:~$ | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Notas adicionales=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Referencias=== | ||
| + | * Linux Server How To - Install DHCPD Using Apt-get,<br>http://www.linuxserverhowto.com/linux-dhcp-server/install-dhcpd-linux-dhcp-server-using-apt-get.html | ||
| + | * Debian Reference, Capítulo 5, Network setup,<br>http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/ch05.en.html | ||
| + | |||
| + | ---- | ||
| + | Créditos: notas de Víctor González Barbone. | ||
Revisión del 13:20 20 nov 2011
Servidor DHCP
Borrador
Objetivos
Objetivos:
- instalar un servidor DHCP para asignar direcciones IP dinámicamente a una red.
- verificar el funcionamiento.
Software
Instalar el paquete dhcp3-server, con Synaptic, aptitude o apt-get install.
Conceptos, comandos, archivos
Configuración.
- Directorio de configuración: /etc/dhcpd/
- Archivo principal de configuración: /etc/dhcpd/dhcpd.conf
Arrancar, ver estado, detener el servidor DHCP:
sudo service dhcp3-server start | status | stop
Procedimiento
Ejemplo de una configuración simple:
- Red: 192.168.3.0/24.
- Servidor DHCP: 192.168.3.13.
- Cliente: máquina con dhcp3-client instalado, verificar con
dpkg -s dhcp3-client.
Una configuración elemental suficiente para muchas situaciones puede obtenerse agregando algunas líneas en /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf de la máquina que actuará como servidor DHCP:
#/etc/dhcpd/dhcpd.conf
...
# have support for DDNS.)
ddns-update-style none;
# option definitions common to all supported networks...
option domain-name "salatres.nsk.com.uy";
option domain-name-servers localhost, ns3.salatres.nsk.com.uy ;
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
# If this DHCP server is the official DHCP server for the local
# network, the authoritative directive should be uncommented.
authoritative;
# Use this to send dhcp log messages to a different log file (you also
# have to hack syslog.conf to complete the redirection).
log-facility local7;
# No service will be given on this subnet, but declaring it helps the
# DHCP server to understand the network topology.
subnet 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
}
# This is a very basic subnet declaration.
subnet 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.3.150 192.168.3.200;
option routers 192.168.3.13;
}
...
Arrancar el servicio DHCP:
sudo service dhcp3-server start
No debe dar errores. El archivo de log es /var/log/syslog.
Verificación
ADVERTENCIA: la configuración tradicional choca con la configuración moderna a través de NetworkManager; si NetworkManager está corriendo se debe deshabilitar: en la barra de menú, clic derecho en ícono de red, desmarcar "Activar red".
Crear una entrada para la interfaz eth0 en /etc/network/interfaces, declarando DHCP como modo de obtener una IP. Opcional: allow-hotplug hace que la interfaz levante en el momento en que se conecte un cable.
# /etc/network/interfaces ... allow-hotplug eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp ...
Levantar la interfaz eth0 configurada, comando ifup:
victor@mya-arenaria:~$ sudo ifup eth0 Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client V3.1.3 Copyright 2004-2009 Internet Systems Consortium. All rights reserved. For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/ Listening on LPF/eth0/6c:62:6d:2e:16:53 Sending on LPF/eth0/6c:62:6d:2e:16:53 Sending on Socket/fallback DHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 4 DHCPOFFER of 192.168.3.150 from 192.168.3.13 DHCPREQUEST of 192.168.3.150 on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 DHCPACK of 192.168.3.150 from 192.168.3.13 bound to 192.168.3.150 -- renewal in 283 seconds. ssh stop/waiting ssh start/running, process 2711 victor@mya-arenaria:~$
Verificar conectividad al servidor DHCP:
victor@mya-arenaria:~$ ping -c3 192.168.3.13 PING 192.168.3.13 (192.168.3.13) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.3.13: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.363 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.3.13: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.304 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.3.13: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.268 ms --- 192.168.3.13 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1998ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.268/0.311/0.363/0.044 ms
Bajar la interfaz eth0 configurada, comando ifdown:
victor@mya-arenaria:~$ sudo ifdown eth0 There is already a pid file /var/run/dhclient.eth0.pid with pid 2675 killed old client process, removed PID file Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client V3.1.3 Copyright 2004-2009 Internet Systems Consortium. All rights reserved. For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/ Listening on LPF/eth0/6c:62:6d:2e:16:53 Sending on LPF/eth0/6c:62:6d:2e:16:53 Sending on Socket/fallback DHCPRELEASE on eth0 to 192.168.3.13 port 67 victor@mya-arenaria:~$
Notas adicionales
Referencias
- Linux Server How To - Install DHCPD Using Apt-get,
http://www.linuxserverhowto.com/linux-dhcp-server/install-dhcpd-linux-dhcp-server-using-apt-get.html - Debian Reference, Capítulo 5, Network setup,
http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/ch05.en.html
Créditos: notas de Víctor González Barbone.